Potensi Waltheria Indica Dalam Pengobatan Herbal Dan Pembuatan Bentuk Sediaan Patch

Adelman, M., & Louis, L. (2023). A Novel Formulation: Donepezil Patch. The Senior Care Pharmacist, 38, 300–304. https://doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2023.300

Adianingsih, O., Maesayani, K., Puspita, O., & Ihsan, B. (2025). Formulation of Transfersome Containing Kaempferia galanga for Transdermal Patch Application. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9, 3891–3897. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i8.51

Afisu, B. (2021). Safety Evaluation of Crude Ethanol Extract of Waltheria Indica Linn. Root In Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 3, 112–125. https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0131

Alkhiro, A., & Ghareeb, M. (2020). Formulation and Evaluation of Iornoxicam as Dissolving Microneedle Patch. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512), 29, 184–194. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss1pp184-194

Avoseh, O., Ogunwande, I., Lawal, O. A., Atabo, J., Ascrizzi, R., & Flamini, G. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of essential oil of Waltheria indica [Actividades antiinflamatorias y nociceptivas del aceite esencial de Waltheria indica]. Boletin Latinoamericano y Del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, 18, 576. https://doi.org/10.35588/blacpma.19.18.6.39

chairunnisa, M., Rahim, A., & Taufiqurrahman, M. (2025). Formulation Of a Transdermal Patch Containing Pigeon Pea ( Cajanus cajan L.) Extract As An Antioxidant Agent. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.30872/jtpc.v9i1.286

Cretton, S., Bréant, L., Pourrez, L., Marcourt, L., Ambuehl, C., Perozzo, R., Kaiser, M., Cuendet, M., & Christen, P. (2014). Antitrypanocidal activity of quinoline alkaloids from the roots of Waltheria indica. Planta Medica, 80. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1394520

Davanço, M., Fortuny, M., Scasso, A., Meulman, J., Costa, F., Martins, T., Renz Barreto Vianna, D., Teixeira, L., Bellorio, K., Sampaio, A., & Vespasiano, C. (2024). Buprenorphine Transdermal Delivery System: Bioequivalence Assessment and Adhesion Performance of Two Patch Formulations. Pharmaceutics, 16, 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101249

Francisco, B., Dutra, F., Viveiros, E., Passaretti, R., Martins, R., Teração, B., Almeida, L., Rocha, L., Silva, J. M., & Pina Rodrigues, F. (2021). Allelopatic effects of Waltheria indica L.: Biocontrol potential in ecological. Research, Society and Development, 10, e235101321263. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21263

Hamidu, L., Yusuff, I., Adekola, S. A., Baba, Z., Adeoye, S., & Olawale, A. (2025). Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research Original Research Article Ethanol Extract from Aerial Parts of Waltheria indica (Sleepy Morning) Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Wistar Albino Rats. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9, 5683–5693. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i11.57

Hassam, H., Shoaib, M., Yousuf, R., Ramzan Ali, F., Siddiqui, F., & Irshad, A. (2022). Formulation development and evaluation of nimesulide transdermal gel patch system. Polymer Bulletin, 79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03764-0

Herrera Calderon, O., & Vega, R. (2020). Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from the roots of Waltheria ovata using the response surface methodology. Food Research, 4, 2095–2102. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).211

Ilunde, J., Mpumi, N., Mwema, M., & Machunda, R. (2025). Investigation of Waltheria indica L. (sleepy morning plant) as pathogen killing agent from shallow well water revealed a potential alternative for water disinfection. PloS One, 20, e0330987. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330987

Imphat, C., & Woottisin, N. (2025). Formulation and Topical Safety Evaluation of Zanthoxylum rhetsa Spray Containing Essential Oil from Pericarp: A Phase 1, Double-blind, Non-Randomized, Single-Arm Patch Test Trial. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i10.31

Imtiaz, M. S., Muhammad, •, Shoaib, H., Rabia, •, Yousuf, R., Ramzan, F., Saleem, M., Khan, M., Khan, Z., & Sikandar, M. (2022). Formulation development and evaluation of drug-in-adhesive-type transdermal patch of metoclopramide HCl. Polymer Bulletin.

Inada, K., Muraoka, H., Matsumoto, Y., Fukui, D., Watanabe, T., Masuda, Y., Inoue, S., & Masuda, T. (2025). Comparison of Efficacies of a Blonanserin Transdermal Patch and Blonanserin Oral Formulation for Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Laxatives Using a Japanese Claims Database. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports, 45. https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.70003

Jabba, H., Yusuff, I., Adekola, S. A., & Rotimi, O. (2025). Bridging Ethnomedicine and Evidence: A Systematic Review of the Anticonvulsant and Pharmacological Effects of Waltheria indica L. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 18, 854–864. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2025.854.864

Kaur, R., Arora, S., & Goswami, M. (2022). Formulation development and evaluation of Transdermal patch of Astaxanthin. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.119

Krishnasamy, V., & Muruhan, S. (2021). Evaluation of Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Waltheria indica Linn. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 129–143. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i62A35160

Kumar, P., Kumar S, M., Mani, S., Jabaris, S., Punnoose, A., & Mahdevan, S. (2025). Botanical Description, Pharmacological Potential, Phytochemistry And Traditional Uses Of Waltheria Indica: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Applied Bioanalysis, 988–999. https://doi.org/10.53555/jab.v11si14.2299

Li, R., Liu, Q., & Zhao, S. (2024). A Finite Element Method by Patch Reconstruction for the Quad-Curl Problem Using Mixed Formulations. Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 517–537. https://doi.org/10.4208/aamm.OA-2024-0086

Lokhande, G., Sherikar, A., & Disouza, J. (2025). Formulation and characterization of transdermal patch containing eucalyptus, curcumin and ginger oils with its in-vitro permeability study using goat skin and GC-MS analysis Formulation and Characterization of Transdermal Patch Containing Eucalyptus, Curcumin and Ginger Oils with its In-vitro Permeability Study Using Goat Skin and GC-MS Analysis. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 19, 2159–2169. https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2025.1.5

Maheshwari, D., Netrapal, Ullah, Z., Chowdary, Y., Lokhande, V., Chaudhary, G., Dash, A., Bagade, O., Mandal, S., & P, N. (2023). Formulation of a Transdermal Patch Containing Amlodipin Besylate and Its evaluation. European Chemical Bulletin, 12, 2936–2947. https://doi.org/10.31838/ecb/2023.12.si6.256

Makanoneng, D., & Sulastri, T. (2025). Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch from Extract of Babadotan Leaves. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25, 1508–1513. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8761

Nalamachu, S., & Gudin, J. (2020). Characteristics of Analgesic Patch Formulations. Journal of Pain Research, 13, 2343–2354. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S270169

Nawatila, R., Putranti, A., Susetyo, C., Masur, E., Kartini, K., Sukweenadhi, J., & Avanti, C. (2025). Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Dermal Patch Films for Enhanced Wound Healing: Formulation and Characterization Study. The Scientific World Journal, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1155/tswj/4800551

Nighot, M., Dharkar, N., & Patole, V. (2025). Formulation, Development and In-vitro evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Polyherbal Transdermal Patch. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 15, 972–977. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v15i4.5113

Owemidu, I., Ajayi, A., & Onasanwo, A. (2022). Anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Waltheria americana L. leaf in experimental animals. Phytomedicine Plus, 2, 100217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100217

Owemidu, I., Onasanwo, A., Ajayi, A., & Oyebanjo, O. (2024). Neuroprotective and anti-oxidant properties of Waltheria americana leaf in male Wistar rats. Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics, 23, 1516–1527. https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v23i2.9

Oyetunde, Y., Sonibare, M., Oludipe, E. O., & Anang, D. (2024). Pharmacognostic evaluation and development of HPLC fingerprint for standardisation of Waltheria indica l. (Malvaceae). Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 27, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v27i1.5

Padmalatha, H. (2025). Formulation and Evaluation of a Transdermal Patch of Diclofenac Sodium for Sustained Pain Relief. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 7. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.59960

Panghal, A., Sachdeva, M., & Agarwal, V. (2022). Formulation & Development of Baclofen microemulsion incorporated into Transdermal patch. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 12, 55–63. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5.5586

Parveen, M. D., & Reddy, Y. (2025). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Transdermal Patch of Olea Europaea to Study Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, 149–152. https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2025.00024

Patel, D., Vyas, A., Rathi, S., & Shah, S. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch of Apixaban. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 69. https://doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v69i02.009

Patil, A., Patil, A., & Bongale, A. (2024). Formulation and Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Microbial Transdermal Patch of an Herbal Drug. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 09, 804–809. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-0905804809

Pawar, S. (2025). Study on Formulation and Evaluation of Nanofiber-Based Transdermal Patch for Diabetes and Wound Care using Herbal Extracts of Gotu Kola and Moringa Oleifera: A Review. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 13, 726–733. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.75236

PICANÇO, A., Santos, J., & Fernandes Júnior, A. (2022). Taxonomia Dos Gêneros Melochia L. E Waltheria L. (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) Ocorrentes No Estado Do Pará, Brasil. Agromazon, 1, 221–237. https://doi.org/10.4322/2764-8613.2022.022

Radeva, L., Belchev, A., Dardashti, P., Yordanov, Y., Spassova, I., Kovacheva, D., Spasova, M., Petrov, P., Tzankova, V., & Yoncheva, K. (2025). Formulation of PVA Hydrogel Patch as a Drug Delivery System of Albumin Nanoparticles Loaded with Curcumin. Gels, 11, 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11120979

Rajesh, G., Pratiksha, G., Roshni, G., Varad, H., Balaji, H., & Sandeep, A. (2025). Formulation And Evaluation of Transdermal Patch by Using Tridax Procumbens, Neem Bark and Turmeric. Journal of Advances in Bio- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacovigilance, 7, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.46610/JABP.2025.v07i02.001

Rovi, G., & Krause, R. (2021). Patch‐smoother and multigrid for the dual formulation for linear elasticity. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 122, 7609–7631. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6845

S., L., Babu Menon, R., RAJU, K., U., A., & C Nair, S. (2019). Formulation And Evaluation Of Lorazepam Encapsulated Collagen/Pectin Buccal Patch. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 200–209. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i5.34366

Sabo, S., Gotep, J., Bako, N., & Otimenyin, S. (2022). Androgenic and Spermatogenic Effects of Methanolic Root Extract of Waltheria indica (linn) in Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 21, 128–135. https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v21i4.22.25

Sahlan, M., SHOFWATALLOH, N., WIMARDHANI, Y., Darwita, R. R., & Pratami, D. (2024). Formulation Of Propolis-Based Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (Ras) Protective Patch With Combination Of Pvp And Cellulose Materials. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s3.11

Sari, A., Hening, P., Nikita, M., Fatah, A., Riyadi, F., & Rahayu, I. (2024). Formulation and Characteristics of Hydrogel Patch Containing Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L.) Ethanol Extract. Media Farmasi Indonesia, 19, 156–165. https://doi.org/10.53359/mfi.v19i2.296

Saunders, J. (2010). Sterculiaceae de Paraguay. II. Waltheria Sterculiaceae of Paraguay. II. Waltheria. Bonplandia, 16. https://doi.org/10.2307/41941292

Saunders, J. (2021). Five new clavate-stigma Waltheria species endemic to Brazilian Cerrado (Malvaceae s. l., Byttnerioideae, Hermannieae). Darwiniana, Nueva Serie, 9, 5–30. https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2021.91.928

Saunders, J., & Dorr, L. (2022). A nomenclatural conspectus of Waltheria (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) in Brazil. Darwiniana, Nueva Serie, 10, 5–28. https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2022.101.953

Shinde, S., Singh, A., Chidrawar, V., Rajput, A., & Singh, S. (2025). Enhanced Topical Delivery of Methotrexate via Transferosome-Loaded Microneedle Array Patch: Formulation, Optimization, and In Vitro–In Vivo Assessment. Pharmaceuticals, 18, 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18040594

Silva Coutinho, T., Colli-Silva, M., & Alves, M. (2020). Novelties in Brazilian Waltheria L. (Byttnerioideae, Malvaceae): two new species and one re-establishment. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 34, 449–459. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0088

Silva, R., Caleffi, G., & Cotinguiba, F. (2024). Alkaloids from Waltheria spp. (Malvaceae): Chemosystematic Aspects, Biosynthesis, Total Synthesis, and Biological Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, 13659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413659

Silva, R., Lima, M., & Cotinguiba, F. (2024). Dereplication of 4‐Quinolone Alkaloids from Waltheria Indica (Malvaceae) Tissues Using Molecular Network Tools. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 21, e202400665. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202400665

Sitaula, B., Thapa, A., & Budhathoki, U. (2025). Formulation and evaluation of clonidine hydrochloride transdermal patch. Kathmandu University Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 19. https://doi.org/10.70530/kuset.v19i3.689

Srivastava, M., Ghoshal, S., Srivastava, S., Srivastava, A., & Maurya, P. (2025). Herbal Based Transdermal Patch Drug Delivery Systems: Formulation Strategies, Challenges and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science Archive, 13, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.32553/ijpba.v13i6.694

Suárez, B., Tun, J., Sosenski, P., & Parra-Tabla, V. (2023). Floral polymorphism and heteromorphic incompatibility in the distylous tropical shrub Waltheria rotundifolia ( Malvaceae ). Plant Species Biology, 38. https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12425

Suharyani, I., Mardianingrum, R., Falya, Y., Pratama, R., Mas’ud, I., & Daruwati, I. (2025). Formulation and in-vitro antioxidant evaluation of α-mangostin, piperin, curcumin in oral patch and their combination. Pharmaciana, 15, 240–251. https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.29906

Tadhi, N., Chopra, H., & Sharma, G. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal patch of Methimazole. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 4667–4672. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00811

Termer, M., Carola, C., Salazar, A., Keck, C., Hemberger, J., & Hagen, J. (2020). Identification of plant metabolite classes from Waltheria Indica L. extracts regulating inflammatory immune responses via COX-2 inhibition. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 270, 113741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113741

Termer, M., Carola, C., Salazar, A., Keck, C. M., Hemberger, J., & von Hagen, J. (2021). Activity-Guided Characterization of COX-2 Inhibitory Compounds in Waltheria indica L. Extracts. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237240

THAYYILAKANDY, S., S., G., K., A., KRISHNAKUMAR, G., & NAIR, S. (2020). Fast Dissolving Sublingual Patch Of Phenobarbital Sodium: Formulation And In Vitro Evaluation. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 158–165. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020v12i5.38872

URUKU, N. (2026). Effect of Aqueous Extract of Waltheria Indica Leaves on Haematology Profile of Rabbit Buck. International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Biomedical and Clinical Research, 4, 9. https://doi.org/10.54938/ijemdbmcr.2026.04.1.544

Viegas, C., Toscano, L., Pires, H., & Assis, T. (2022). Propriedades Bioativas in vitro e in vivo do gênero Waltheria pertencente à família Malvaceae: uma revisão da literatura. Research, Society and Development, 11, e19011427351. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27351

Yabré, Z., Boly, R., Ouédraogo, R., Coulidiaty, A. G. V., Somda, G. D., Semdé, R., Ouédraogo, N., & Youl, E. N. H. (2024). A review of the safety profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bronchorelaxant activities of Waltheria indica Linn (Malvaceae): A potential antiasthmatic phytomedicine. Heliyon, 10(12), e32402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32402

Yadav, B., Pillewan, S., KetakeeNichat, K., Papalkar, A., Dala, H., Vidhani, A., Tiwaskar, S., & Dewang, S. (2025). Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch of Acetyl Salicylic Acid. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention, 14, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.35629/6718-14020108

Yadav, P., Solanki, D., Soni, A., & Jaiswal, R. (2023). Formulation And Evaluation Of Transdermal Patch Of Amlodipin Besylate. International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR), 14, 33–38. https://doi.org/10.48165/ijppronline.2023.14115

Yasir, A., Suryaneta, S., Handayani, K., & Satria, B. (2023). Stability And Irritation Testing Using The Patch Test Method Of A Combination Gel Formulation Containing Aloe Vera And Basil Leaf Extracts. Indonesian Journal of Cosmetics, 1, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35472/ijcos.v1i1.1638

Yu, S., Zhao, R., Lin, M., Wu, Y., Shu-gui, C., Yu, F., Song, W., & Zhu, H. (2021). Waltheria indica Is a New Host of Phytoplasma Belonging to 16SrI-B Subgroup Associated with Virescence Symptoms in China. Plant Disease, 105. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-20-2762-PDN